Psalms being the obvious poetic sections of the Bible, as per academic classification of genres there are three others in this category: Song of Solomon, Jeremiah, and Lamentations (although some Hebrew scholars bunch Job as an early narrative poetry, while still more will include Genesis 1 as a poetic and theological preamble to the other creation narrative in Genesis 2). But Psalms in and of themselves have a lot of different kinds:
a. Thanksgiving and Adoration
(8,19, 29, 33, 65, 67, 81, 91, 95, 96, 98, 100, 103, 104, 105, 107, 111, 113, 114, 115, 117, 123, 124, 131, 133, 134, 135, 136, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150)
b. Individual Praise
(11, 18, 23, 30, 32, 34, 40, 41, 46, 48, 66, 75, 84, 85, 92, 106, 108, 116, 118, 138, 139)
c. Individual Lament
(3, 4, 5, 6, 7,13, 17, 22, 25, 26, 27, 28, 31, 35, 39, 42, 43, 51, 54, 55, 56, 57, 63, 64, 69, 70, 71, 76, 77, 86, 88, 102, 109, 120, 130, 140, 141, 142, 143)
d. National Lament
(44, 74, 79, 80, 83, 90)
e. Royal
(2, 18, 20, 21, 45, 72, 89, 101, 132, 144)
f. Enthronement
(47, 93, 96, 97, 98, 99)
g. Songs of Zion
(42, 43, 87, 121, 122, 125, 126, 129)
h. Penitential
(6, 32, 38, 51, 102, 130, 143)
i. Imprecatory
(35, 58, 69, 83, 109, 137)
j. Messianic
(2, 16, 22, 24, 45, 72, 110)
k. Wisdom
(1, 9, 10, 12, 14, 15, 19, 36, 37, 49, 50, 52, 53, 73, 78, 82, 94, 112, 119, 127, 128)
One of the interesting categories that strike me, is “Imprecatory” or cursing Psalms. Why? Because these set of Psalms are extremely comforting in times of spiritual attack. There are times when even your best friends will turn on you, and there are times when you will realize that they had never even been truly friends. There are times when for no reason, you are plotted against by many and there are times you are ensnared and stumbled by malice. But Jesus and Paul’s teachings run decidedly antithetical to these Psalms. (Matt. 5:44 “But I say to you, Love your enemies and pray for those who persecute you,” Luke 6:27 “But I say to you that listen, Love your enemies, do good to those who hate you,” Luke 6:35 “But love your enemies, do good, and lend, expecting nothing in return. Your reward will be great, and you will be children of the Most High; for he is kind to the ungrateful and the wicked.” Rom. 12:14 “Bless those who persecute you; bless and do not curse them.”) These are hard teachings, and the ones that fulfill them consistently will be proven to be truly of God.
So who can we curse? I think it would not be unbiblical to curse the forces that clearly exist, both in the visible and invisible, that hinder our love relationship with God. These can be operative within the self, within a collective group, a territorial region or even a political boundary. When I was younger and more naïve, I used to think that I had no enemies. But when you have made an allegiance and commitment to the Truth of Jesus Christ, all sorts of enemies suddenly creep up into your life, both inwardly and through people of your intimate circle, through people that you would not have expected. It is always with the hope that they too will come to know the Lord, that we do not curse the people caught in a particular opposition against us. Instead we bless them with our prayers, our thoughts, and our actions. It is entirely appropriate to vent our vexations to God, as many of David’s Psalms abundantly show.
And some of the keener minds out there may be thinking, wait a minute, aren’t you just trying to spiritualize our opponents? Well, there is a spiritual priority to the material reality, they are not disconnected. On a concluding note, Woe to the spirits, who take pleasure in malice!